2 Samuel 20:22

Authorized King James Version

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Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

Original Language Analysis

וַתָּבוֹא֩ went H935
וַתָּבוֹא֩ went
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה Then the woman H802
הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה Then the woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 2 of 27
a woman
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֜ם unto all the people H5971
הָעָ֜ם unto all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 5 of 27
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בְּחָכְמָתָ֗הּ in her wisdom H2451
בְּחָכְמָתָ֗הּ in her wisdom
Strong's: H2451
Word #: 6 of 27
wisdom (in a good sense)
וַֽיִּכְרְת֞וּ And they cut off H3772
וַֽיִּכְרְת֞וּ And they cut off
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 7 of 27
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
רֹ֨אשׁ the head H7218
רֹ֨אשׁ the head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 9 of 27
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
שֶׁ֤בַע of Sheba H7652
שֶׁ֤בַע of Sheba
Strong's: H7652
Word #: 10 of 27
sheba, the name of a place in palestine, and of two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בִּכְרִי֙ of Bichri H1075
בִּכְרִי֙ of Bichri
Strong's: H1075
Word #: 12 of 27
bikri, an israelite
וַיַּשְׁלִ֣כוּ and cast H7993
וַיַּשְׁלִ֣כוּ and cast
Strong's: H7993
Word #: 13 of 27
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 14 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
וְיוֹאָ֛ב And Joab H3097
וְיוֹאָ֛ב And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 15 of 27
joab, the name of three israelites
וַיִּתְקַע֙ And he blew H8628
וַיִּתְקַע֙ And he blew
Strong's: H8628
Word #: 16 of 27
to clatter, i.e., slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become
בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר a trumpet H7782
בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר a trumpet
Strong's: H7782
Word #: 17 of 27
a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn
וַיָּפֻ֥צוּ and they retired H6327
וַיָּפֻ֥צוּ and they retired
Strong's: H6327
Word #: 18 of 27
to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)
מֵֽעַל H5921
מֵֽעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 19 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָעִ֖יר from the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר from the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 20 of 27
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
אִ֣ישׁ every man H376
אִ֣ישׁ every man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 21 of 27
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
לְאֹֽהָלָ֑יו to his tent H168
לְאֹֽהָלָ֑יו to his tent
Strong's: H168
Word #: 22 of 27
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
וְיוֹאָ֛ב And Joab H3097
וְיוֹאָ֛ב And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 23 of 27
joab, the name of three israelites
שָׁ֥ב returned H7725
שָׁ֥ב returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 24 of 27
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם to Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם to Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 25 of 27
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 26 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ unto the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ unto the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 27 of 27
a king

Analysis & Commentary

Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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